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Objective
This study evaluated the effect of once‐weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg on 2‐year control of eating.
Methods
In STEP 5, adults with overweight/obesity were randomized 1:1 to semaglutide 2.4 mg or placebo, plus lifestyle modification, for 104 weeks. A 19‐item Control of Eating Questionnaire was administered at weeks 0, 20, 52, and 104 in a subgroup of participants. P values were not controlled...
Objective
Increasing overnight fasting time seems a promising strategy to improve metabolic health in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL). Mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of fasting may be related to larger fluctuations in hepatic glycogen and higher fat oxidation. This study investigated whether prolonging an overnight fast depletes hepatic glycogen stores and improves...
Objective
The aim of this study was to test proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) control of air inflow rate in a whole‐room indirect calorimeter to improve accuracy in measuring oxygen (O2) consumption () and carbon dioxide (CO2) production ().
Methods
A precision gas blender infused nitrogen (N2) and CO2 into the calorimeter over 24 hours based on static and dynamic infusion profiles...
Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the reproducibility and physiological determinants of mixed‐meal tolerance tests (MMTTs) on glucose and insulin responses.
Methods
While inpatients on a weight‐maintaining diet, 894 individuals (574 with normal and 267 with impaired glucose regulation and 53 with type 2 diabetes [T2D]) underwent 9‐hour MMTTs (breakfast and lunch; 30% weight‐maintaining...
Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a real‐world, population‐scaled, school‐based physical activity (PA) intervention that provided two to three additional physical education lessons per week to children aged 6 to 14 years in Slovenia.
Methods
More than 34,000 participants from over 200 schools were compared with a similar number of nonparticipants from the same...
Objective
This study evaluated whether adding sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and/or glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP1‐RA) to insulin reduced weight and glycemia in people with type 1 diabetes.
Methods
This retrospective analysis of electronic health records evaluated 296 people with type 1 diabetes over 12 months after medications were first prescribed. Four groups...
Objective
The aims of this study were as follows: 1) examine weight changes in older adults (mean age = 76 years) with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity during the COVID‐19 shutdown; and 2) compare the behavioral and psychosocial effects of the shutdown in those who had large weight losses (>5%), those who had small weight losses (2%‐5%), those who remained weight stable (±2%), or those...
Objective
Sleep apnea and snoring have been associated with type 2 diabetes, with BMI playing a role in the pathway, but the directions of causality are unclear. This study examined the causal associations of sleep apnea and snoring with type 2 diabetes while assessing the role of BMI using multiple genetic methods.
Methods
Five genetic methods were used: two‐sample; bidirectional univariable Mendelian...
Objective
The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the direction of any potential causal effect between sleep and adiposity traits.
Methods
Two‐sample Mendelian randomization was used to assess the association of genetically predicted sleep traits with adiposity and vice versa. Using data from UK Biobank and 23andMe, the sleep traits explored were morning preference (chronotype; N = 697,828),...
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of body weight change (BWC) and body weight variability (BWV) with changes in cognitive function.
Methods
In 10,340 Health and Retirement Study participants (mean age: 68.0 years), body weight was reported biennially from 1993/1994 to 2016, and cognitive function was measured biennially from 1998 to 2016. We calculated BWC and...
Objective
Little is known about sex differences in response to lifestyle interventions among pediatric populations. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate sex differences in adiposity following lifestyle interventions among children and adolescents with overweight or obesity aged 6 to 18 years old.
Methods
Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE (from inception to March...
Objective
With rising prevalence of hypertension and obesity, the effect of hypertension in obesity remains an important global issue. The prognosis of the US general population with obesity based on hypertension control was examined.
Methods
This study examined participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 1999 and 2018. Individuals with obesity were stratified...
Objective
Adolescence is a developmental stage of critical changes in sleep and its circadian timing when the contribution of abnormal sleep variability (amount) and sleep regularity (timing) to obesity and its associated adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes appears to increase. The aim of this study was to summarize findings from studies conducted in adolescents examining both sleep variability...
The human circadian system plays a vital role in many physiological processes, and circadian rhythms are found in virtually all tissues and organs. The disruption of circadian rhythms may lead to adverse health outcomes. Evidence from recent population‐based studies was reviewed because they represent real‐world behavior and can be useful in developing future studies to reduce the risk of adverse...
Objective
The aim of this study was an assessment of post hoc associations among circadian rhythm parameters, physical activity (PA), and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with obesity and prediabetes after 3 years of weight loss maintenance.
Methods
Circadian rhythm parameters (continuous wrist‐temperature measurements), PA, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), heart rate (HR),...
Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of the increases in pediatric obesity during the COVID‐19 lockdown with the annual increases in obesity in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Methods
This study compared two reports of increases in the prevalence of obesity in youth during the COVID‐19 lockdown with the annual rate of increase in obesity in...
Objective
Many US youth experienced accelerated weight gain during the early COVID‐19 pandemic. Using an ambulatory electronic health record data set, the authors compared children's rates of BMI change in three periods: pre‐pandemic (January 2018‐February 2020), early pandemic (March‐December 2020), and later pandemic (January‐November 2021).
Methods
This study used mixed‐effects models to examine...
Objective
Prior evidence indicates that individuals with obesity have an accelerated intestinal glucose absorption. This cross‐sectional study evaluated whether those with overweight or obesity display higher duodenal protein levels of the glucose carriers sodium‐glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT‐1), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT‐2), and glucose transporter 5 (GLUT‐5).
Methods
SGLT‐1, GLUT‐2, and GLUT‐5...
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